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Weekly English Lesson:

1960 vs. 2020 Slang

(with Doug Michael)

by Andrea Giordano | Jun 3, 2020

Welcome to this very special episode of English with Andrea! I have invited my dad, Doug Michael, to join me on this week’s episode. My dad lived through the 1960’s, so we thought it would be a lot of fun to compare/contrast 1960 vs 2020 slang.

Here are two ways for you to enjoy this lesson:

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1960 vs. 2020 Slang (with Doug Michael)

by Andrea Giordano

Let’s Get Started

A lot of the slang from 1960 is no longer used, because language is always changing. As an English teacher, I sometimes talk to students who are using old slang. It’s not their fault…they may have learned from an outdated textbook, or an older instructor that may not be up-to-date on the latest slang. Using outdated slang can be embarrassing for the learner, because they don’t realize they are using language that is out of fashion.

Let’s look at the following words from the 1960’s. When you read or listen to each slang word, try to guess what you think it means today. Then we will talk about what the 2020 slang equivalent is.

Slang #1

1960: happening
Example sentence: Are you going to the party? It’s happening.

2020: lit
Meaning: exciting, cool

Slang #2

1960: bread
Example sentence: I don’t have any bread. I can’t go out for the evening.

2020: cash
Meaning: money

Slang #3

1960: shades
Example sentence: I’m going to the beach, and will be sure to bring my shades.

2020: sunnies
Meaning: sunglasses

Slang #4

1960: groovy
Example sentence: He has a groovy shirt on.

2020: cool, on trend (specifically about fashion)
Meaning: nice or fashionable

Slang #5

1960: hairy
Example sentence: I got sent to the principal’s office, and it’s a hairy situation.

2020: tough
Meaning: bad, difficult

Slang #6

1960: no sweat
Example sentence: Person 1 – “Thanks for helping me.” Person 2: “No sweat”

2020: No worries.
Meaning: Don’t worry about it because I’m glad to help.

Slang #7

1960: Gimme some skin!
Example sentence: Great job! Gimme some skin.

2020: High five!
Meaning: Slap your hand to my hand.

Hopefully talking through these outdated vs. modern idioms has been enlightening. And I hope you enjoyed meeting my dad!

If you love idioms as much as I do, be sure to check out my idioms course at StudyWithAndrea.com/idioms.

Until next time, Happy learning!

Andrea

 

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The following is a TOEFL Reading practice test to help you prepare for the Reading section of the TOEFL test. 

Instructions: Read the sample passage below and then answer the questions that follow. 

TOEFL Reading Practice Passage

Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forest of central Sub-Saharan Africa. The genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the eastern gorillas and the western gorillas (both critically endangered), and either four or five subspecies. They are the largest living primates. The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans, from 95 to 99% depending on what is included, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the chimpanzees and bonobos.

Gorillas' natural habitats cover tropical or subtropical forest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although their range covers a small percentage of Sub-Saharan Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations. The mountain gorilla inhabits the Albertine Rift montane cloud forests of the Virunga Volcanoes, ranging in altitude from 2,200 to 4,300 metres (7,200 to 14,100 ft). Lowland gorillas live in dense forests and lowland swamps and marshes as low as sea level, with western lowland gorillas living in Central West African countries and eastern lowland gorillas living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo near its border with Rwanda.

(#1) Gorillas move around by knuckle-walking, although they sometimes walk upright for short distances, typically while carrying food or in defensive situations. (#2) A 2018 study investigating the hand posture of 77 mountain gorillas at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (8% of the population) found that knuckle walking was done only 60% of the time, and they also supported their weight on their fists, the backs of their hands/feet, and on their palms/soles (with the digits flexed). (#3) Studies of gorilla handedness have yielded varying results, with some arguing for no preference for either hand, and others right-hand dominance for the general population. (#4)

The eastern gorilla is more darkly colored than the western gorilla, with the mountain gorilla being the darkest of all. The mountain gorilla also has the thickest hair. The western lowland gorilla can be brown or grayish with a reddish forehead. In addition, gorillas that live in lowland forest are more slender and agile than the more bulky mountain gorillas. The eastern gorilla also has a longer face and broader chest than the western gorilla. Like humans, gorillas have individual fingerprints. Their eye color is dark brown, framed by a black ring around the iris. Gorilla facial structure is described as mandibular prognathism, that is, the mandible protrudes farther out than the maxilla. Adult males also have a prominent sagittal crest.

A gorilla's lifespan is normally between 35 and 40 years, although zoo gorillas may live for 50 years or more. Colo, a female western gorilla at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, was the oldest known gorilla at 60 years of age when she died on 17 January 2017.

 

Questions

1. According to the passage, gorillas can live in

     a. a variety of altitudes.

     b. several different countries in Africa. 

     c. thick forests.

     d. lowland forests only. 

2. All of the following is true about gorillas EXCEPT

     a. they primarily eat smaller animals.

     b. they live in a forest habitat.

     c. their genetics are similar to humans.

     d. their diet consists of vegetation. 

3. Look at the word predominantly in paragraph 1. The word predominantly in this passage refers to

     a. impulsively

     b. unfortunately

     c. mainly

     d. lastly

4. Look at the word inhabits in paragraph 2. The word inhabits in this passage refers to

     a. lives in

     b. protects

     c. goes

     d. works

5. The author implies that

     a. most gorillas prefer using their left hand over their right.

     b. gorillas rarely walk on their knuckles.

     c. gorillas regularly walk upright for long distances.

     d. studies haven't solidly proven which hand gorillas prefer using. 

6. Why does the writer mention that the eastern gorilla also has a longer face and broader chest than the western gorilla?

     a. To validate the importance a broad chest in western gorillas

     b. To define the meaning of "broad"

     c. To highlight a physical difference between types of gorillas

     d. To demonstrate that most gorillas are identical in physical build

7. Which of the following statements is true for BOTH eastern and western gorillas. 

     a. Both eastern and western gorrilas are brown with red foreheads.

     b. Both eastern and western gorrilas have unique fingerprints.

     c. Both eastern and western gorrilas have thin hair.

     d. Both eastern and western gorrilas have light brown eyes.

8. In Paragraph 3, look at the four numbers (#1, #2, #3, #4) that indicate where the following sentence would be added to the passage. 

Such a range of hand postures was previously thought to have been used by only orangutans.

Where would the sentence best fit?

 

(View all the correct answers below.) 

 

Great job! If you're ready to take your TOEFL preparation to the next level, go to StudyWithAndrea.com/TOEFL

Answers: 1. d    2. a    3. c    4. a    5.  d   6. c    7. b    8.  #3  

Click on one of the following links to start speaking clearer English!

1) TOEFL MASTER CLASS
2) free mini-course "punctuation mistakes to avoid"
3) Clear English Pronunciation Video Course
4) English Vocabulary - Audio Files & PDF - TOEFL & IELTS

 

About Andrea

Andrea Giordano is the founder of StudyWithAndrea.com and has taught more than 1,000,000 students from 180 countries. Andrea holds a Master of Education (TESOL) from Shenandoah University, and is the former Executive Director of TESOL and ESL programs at Campbellsville University. Andrea is a proven leader in online English teaching and is driven by her passion to help you speak English clearly.

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